Bending of an immersed object: Let us consider a rod AB is dipped in water. The portion OB of the rod dipped in water appears to be shortened and raised up as OC. The rays of light from point B bend away from the normal after refraction at the interface separating the air and water. […]
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Deviation of a ray during refraction: Whenever a ray of light travels from one medium to another medium it deviates from its path. The angle between the refracted ray and the direction of the incident ray gives the measurement of deviation. Let us consider AO is the incident ray and OB is the refracted ray
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Refraction through plane surface: Laws of refraction: 1st law – The incident ray, the refracted ray, and the normal to the interface at the point of incidence, all lie on the same plane, called the plane of incidence. 2nd law – The ratio of the sine of angle of incidence (i) to the sine of
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