Refraction through plane surface: Laws of refraction: 1st law – The incident ray, the refracted ray, and the normal to the interface at the point of incidence, all lie on the same plane, called the plane of incidence. 2nd law – The ratio of the sine of angle of incidence (i) to the sine of […]
Explore MoreBending of an immersed object: Let us consider a rod AB is dipped in water. The portion OB of the rod dipped in water appears to be shortened and raised up as OC. The rays of light from point B bend away from the normal after refraction at the interface separating the air and water. […]
Explore MoreDeviation of a ray during refraction: Whenever a ray of light travels from one medium to another medium it deviates from its path. The angle between the refracted ray and the direction of the incident ray gives the measurement of deviation. Let us consider AO is the incident ray and OB is the refracted ray […]
Explore MoreRefraction through plane surface: Laws of refraction: 1st law – The incident ray, the refracted ray, and the normal to the interface at the point of incidence, all lie on the same plane, called the plane of incidence. 2nd law – The ratio of the sine of angle of incidence (i) to the sine of […]
Explore More1. Electric potential due to uniformly charged spherical shell: Let us consider a spherical shell of radius R is charged by q. Calculate electric field at a point P, at a distance r from the centre of the shell. (i) If point P is outside the shell then potential at P is V = . […]
Explore MoreConcepts on electrostatic potential: 1. Electrostatic potential at a point on the axis of a uniformly charged ring: Let us consider a ring of radius R is uniformly charged by q. To calculate electrostatic potential at a point P on the axis of ring at a distance y from the centre O, we consider an […]
Explore MoreSignificant figure: Significant figure are the number of digits upto which the accuracy is maintain. Rules of significant figure: (i) All non-zero digits are significant. For example, 1.235 has four significant figures. (ii) The zeros appearing between two non-zero digits are significant. For example, 4.025 has four significant figures. (iii) All the trailing zeros after […]
Explore MoreAccuracy precision and error measurement: Error: There is a difference between the true value and measured value when a physical quantity is measured by an instrument as the measuring instrument is not ideal. This difference is known as error. Accuracy: Accuracy of the measurement of a physical quantity is the closeness of the measured value […]
Explore MoreVernier calipers: Vernier calipers is used to measure length of a body. It consists of four parts. (i) Main scale: It consists of a steel metallic strip (M) graduated in centimetre and millimetre in one edge and in inches in other edge. (ii) Vernier scale. A vernier scale (V) slides on the strip M is […]
Explore MoreMeasurement: 1. Parallax method: If you hold a pen in front of your eye and look the tip of the pen by closing the right eye and then the left eye keeping right eye open, you observe that the position of the tip of the pen changes. This relative shift of the tip of the […]
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